Introduction To Power Plants

12 Hours of Training

In this module, you will learn: 

1. BOILER PLANT

Construction of the boiler furnace, water walls, boiler drum, functions of super heater and reheaters. various heat exchangers in the flue gas path such as economizer, air pre heater. Air path, the FD and ID fans , air flow, furnace draft in the boiler, functions of soot blowers.

2. BOILER FUELS

Types of fossil fuels used in boilers. coal handling in coal yards, crushers, coal feeders, pulverisers, coal burners in the furnace. construction of coal burners, ash handling, electrostatic precipitators. oil as fuel in boilers, its storage, its atomization methods, construction oil burners and properties of combustion. Natural gas methane, as the fuel in boilers. advantages and disadvantages over other fuels. Construction and operation of combined gas and oil burners. combustion process, causes of furnace explosion, method of operation, prevention of furnace explosion

3. BOILER OPARATION

Operation of drum type and once through boilers, boiler blow down operations, super heater steam temperature control, soot blowers and air heater operations. Boiler unloading operation and emergency handling operation of a boiler. boiler performance indicating parameters like excess oxygen content in flue gas, % of carbon dioxide. Orsat apparatus for measurement of oxygen, CO2 and CO gases in the flue gas. Over view of the boiler controls such as boiler follow mode, turbine follow mode and coordinated mode of control.

4. FEED WATER PATH

The feedwater path, equipment in the path, namely, condensate extraction pump, steam jet air ejector, gland steam condenser, drain cooler, LP heaters, deaerator, HP heaters, and boiler feed pumps. Feed water quality, and external water treatment process, distillation, water softening, and demineralization. causes, and prevention of corrosion, in boiler, and its metal parts.

5. CONDENSATE COOLING WATER SYSTEM

Construction of a condenser. vacuum creation inside condenser using SJAEs. Condenser cooling water cycle.

6. TURBINE SYSTEMS

Axial versus radial turbines, multi cylinder turbines configurations, HP, IP and LP, differential expansion, types of rotors, Drum, Disc, Solid, Forged and Welded Rotors, turbine blading of turbines, impulse and reaction, gland sealing system, couplings between shaft, types of turbine bearings, like journal, thrust bearings, turning gear, turbine governing systems, governor droop, hydraulic controllers and their building blocks, steam chest, ESV's and throttle valves, mechanical overspeed protection device, turbine supervisories, turbine oil system, lubricating oil, basics of gas turbine and its use in power plant.

7. TURBINE OPERATIONS

Turbine run up, loading, Generator Synchronization, loading, unloading, Turbine operational problems. Loss of condenser vacuum, Condenser tube leakage, Oxygen in condenser, Low system frequency. Cracking of metal, Thermal fatigue, Rotor bore cracking, Excessive shaft vibration, Water carry over to steam, High differential expansion. Steam turbine performance. Factor affecting performance, steam condition, condenser vacuum, feedwater heaters.

8. ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Principle of electricity generator and motor action, Fleming's right and left-hand rule, single phase and three phase generation, cylindrical and salient pole generators. protection devices, like fuses, overload relays, various types of circuit breaker, starting from air circuit breaker, to vacuum circuits breakers, to air blast, SF6 circuit breakers. Transformers, single phase, and three phase transformers, winding connections. Buchholtz relay, current and potential transformers. Operation of generators, synchronization, generator abnormal conditions. Bus ducts, and surge arresters, used at the generator terminals.

9. TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

Auxiliary system of the power plant station and units side loads, bus transfer from station to unit side after synchronization. generator grounding schemes. Plants DC systems. protective relays, IDMT relay characteristics, types of protection schemes for generators, transformers, differential relays for transformer protection, impedance relays for protection of transmission lines. Methods for telecommunication between substations for line protection, pilot wire, power line carrier communication or PLCC, fiber optic and radio communication. Various of switchyard configurations

10. PLANT CONTROLS

Binary and Analogue control. PLC and DCS. various control buses used in automation industry. P I D control, feedback, feed forward and cascade control. Sequence control for Burner management, soot blower control, coal handling plant. Major control loops in power plant such as load demand control, firing rate control or combustion control, Secondary Air control, Furnace Draft Control, Super Heater and Reheater temperature control, Feedwater Flow control, Superheater bypass and startup system control.

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